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Novel rhodopsin mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa

¹ University Eye Hospital, Department of Neuroophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
² Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany
³ Department of Medical Genetics, and Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
⁴ Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, University of Graz, Austria

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr A Schuster
University Eye Hospital, Department of Neuroophthalmology, Schleichstr 12–16, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany; andreas.schuster{at}med.uni-tuebingen.de

ABSTRACT
Aim: To identify novel or rare rhodopsin gene mutations in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and description of their clinical phenotype.

Methods: The complete rhodopsin gene was screened for mutations by DNA sequencing in index patients. Mutation specific assays were used for segregation analysis and screening for controls. Eight patients from five families and their relatives were diagnosed with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) by means of clinical evaluation.

Results: Mutation screening identified five different rhodopsin mutations including three novel mutations: Ser176Phe, Arg314fs16, and Val20Gly and two missense mutations, Pro215Leu and Thr289Pro, that were only reported once in a mutation report. Electrophysiological and psychophysical testings provide evidence of an impaired rod system with additionally affected cone system in subjects from each genotype group. Visual function tended to be less affected in subjects with the Arg314fs16 and Val20Gly mutations than in the Ser176Phe phenotype. In contrast, Pro215Leu and Thr289Pro mutations caused a remarkably severe phenotype.

Conclusion: The ophthalmic findings support a correlation between disease expression and structural alteration: (1) extracellular/intradiscal Val20Gly and cytoplasmic Arg314fs16 mutation—mild adRP phenotype; (2) Ser176Phe mutation—"mostly type 1" disease; (3) predicted alteration of transmembrane domains TM V and TM VII induced by Pro215Leu and Thr289Pro—severe phenotype. However, variation of phenotype expression in identical genotypes may still be a typical feature of RHO mutations.

Abbreviations: adRP, autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa; arRP, autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa; xlRP, X linked retinitis pigmentosa; DHPLC, denaturing high performance liquid chromatography

Keywords: retinitis pigmentosa; rhodopsin; phenotype; mutation; autosomal dominant