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British Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;92:1055-1060; doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.134593
Copyright © 2008 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Straight versus tortuous retinal arteries in relation to blood pressure and genetics

N C B B Taarnhøj1,2, I C Munch1, B Sander1, L Kessel1, J L Hougaard1, K Kyvik3, T I A Sørensen4, M Larsen1,5

1 Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Ullevål University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
3 Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
4 Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
5 Kennedy Centre, National Eye Clinic, Hellerup, Denmark

Correspondence to:
Dr N Taarnhøj, Department of Ophthalmology, Ullevål University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway; ninat{at}dadlnet.dk

Background/aims: To assess the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on retinal arterial tortuosity and the association between tortuosity and various health indices in healthy young to middle-aged persons.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 57 monozygotic and 52 dizygotic same-sex healthy twin pairs, aged 20 to 46 years, who were characterised by determination of retinal vessel diameters, arterial blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index, smoking habits and retinal arterial tortuosity, using a three-level grading scale (straight, wavy, tortuous). Heritability of retinal arterial tortuosity was estimated using structural equation modelling.

Results: Of 218 subjects, 79 (36.2%) had straight retinal arteries, 110 (50.5%) had wavy arteries, and 29 (13.3%) had tortuous arteries. Heritability of tortuosity was 82% (CI95 64, 92%), with unshared environmental factors accounting for the remaining 18% (CI95 8, 36%). Increasing values of mean arterial blood pressure and body mass index were both associated with decreasing levels of retinal arterial tortuosity.

Conclusion: There was a large variation in tortuosity of retinal arteries in these healthy subjects and the predominant determinant was genetic influence, accounting for 82% of the observed variation in tortuosity.

Funding: This study was supported by: The Danish Medical Research Council; The Danish Eye Research Foundation; The Danish Eye Health Society; Centre for Biomedical Optics and New Laser Systems Graduate School; The Danish Diabetes Association; The Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted; the Lundbeck Foundation Center for Neurovascular Signaling (LUCENS); Research Career Award Grant 8-2002-130 from The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (ML).

Competing interests: None.

Ethics approval: The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Copenhagen County and followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Patient consent: Obtained.






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